On Territoriality in Ungulates and an Evolutionary Model

摘要: The behavioral characteristics of territorial ungulates are reviewed and compared with non-territorial species in terms social distribution, spatial dispersion, interaction patterns. Territoriality is related proximally to dominance ultimately mating exhancement. Alternative male strategies categorized. Selective gains estimated by the potential enhancement factor (PMEF) costs reduced chances survival. likely lifetime (LLME) resulting from versus roving/rank calculated for model populations. Ecological conditions favoring territoriality discussed, a comparison made systems other animal groups. There need more empirical data.