Semen technologies in domestic animal species

摘要: Reproductive biotechnologies have been developed for routine, microbiologically-safe propagation of genetic material among breeding populations. Moreover, they also shorten generation intervals and allow selection specific traits in a given population. Semen still is the “cheapest” component artificial breeding. Therefore, AI most prevalent reproductive biotechnology used on global scale and, depending species, requires preparation liquid, chilled, or frozenthawed insemination doses (Rodriguez-Martinez, 2012a). Consequently, research efforts focus improving quality sperm exposed to manipulations required during their AI, especially ones associated with cryobiology. Successful freezing semen from all livestock high priority due its numerous advantages including biosecurity disease monitoring, conservation genetics, commercialization superior genotypes. Cryopreservation success linked not only acceptable survival lifespan post-thaw, but fertility after AI. If levels frozen are ever going be similar those fresh semen, then holistic approach processing technologies must used. This critical assessment function. heterogeneous population bathed seminal plasma composition (Rodriguez-Martinez et al., 2011). The spermatozoa following unique characteristics that need considered manipulation: 1) head contains substantially less free water than neck tail segments (Morris 2012); 2) use both anaerobic glycolysis aerobic respiration energy production (Silva Gadella, 2006); 3) membrane channels glycerol-transporting aquaglyceroporins (Ekwall, 2007); domestic animal species