HMF synthesis in aqueous and organic media under ultrasonication, microwave irradiation and conventional heating

摘要: 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is known as a noteworthy platform in biorefinery concept. HMF was prepared via fructose dehydration aqueous and organic media, using three methods, i.e., conventional heating, ultrasonication microwave irradiation. Water, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), ethyl acetate were used media for HCl-catalyzed synthesis of HMF. FTIR 1H-NMR spectroscopies analysis. The yield selectivity investigated to optimize variables such concentration, catalyst dosage, temperature, irradiation power, solvent, the reaction atmosphere. It found that superior ones. In addition, nitrogen atmosphere favored higher than air, due lack oxidation. As conclusion, highest yields conventional, ultrasonicated microwave-assisted reactions 87, 53, 38%, respectively. ultrasonically promoted, time scale highly reduced from hours minutes. varied with treatment times, so recognized be best approach terms yield, while method fastest one. Selectivity 60 90% depending promotion method.