Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments

摘要: To date, many industrial processes are performed using chemical compounds, which harmful to nature. An alternative overcome this problem is biocatalysis, uses whole cells or enzymes carry out reactions in an environmentally friendly manner. Enzymes can be used as biocatalyst food and feed, pharmaceutical, textile, detergent beverage industries, among others. Since require harsh reaction conditions performed, these must possess several characteristics that make them suitable for purpose. Currently the best option use from extremophilic microorganisms, particularly archaea because of their special characteristics, such stability elevated temperatures, extremes pH, organic solvents, high ionic strength. Extremozymes, being biotechnological industry improved through modern technologies, protein engineering performance. Despite wide distribution archaea, exist only few reports about microorganisms isolated Antarctica very little known thermophilic hyperthermophilic archaeal Antarctica. This review summarizes current knowledge with applications, including two extremozymes Antarctic potential use, studied our laboratory. Both have been discovered conventional screening genome sequencing, respectively.