GNSS observations of deep convective time scales in the Amazon

摘要: [1] In the tropics, understanding shallow-to-deep transition and organization of convection on mesoscale is made difficult due paucity long-term high spatial/temporal resolution data. In this paper, data from world's first equatorial Global Navigational Satellite System meteorological station in Manaus (Central Amazon) used to create a new metric, water vapor convergence time scale, characterize temporal evolution deep over tropical continental region. From 3.5 years data, 320 convective events were analyzed using compositing analysis. Results reveal two characteristic scales convergence; an 8 h scale weak 4 h timescale intense associated with transition. The particularly robust, regardless intensity, seasonality, or nocturnal versus daytime convection. This result provides useful metric for both global climate models replicate.