Evolution and island endemism of morphologically cryptic Baetis and Cloeon species (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) on the Canary Islands and Madeira

摘要: SUMMARY 1. The Canary Islands and Madeira are reportedly home to seven recognised species of baetid mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), two which also occur on the European mainland. Their status remains unsure, loss habitat suggests they conservation concern. 2. We applied morphological characters a general mixed Yule-coalescent (gmyc) model analysis cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene delineate putative within morphologically cryptic groups Baetis (Rhodobaetis) Cloeon dipterum s.l. used three-gene mitochondrial data set (1450 base pairs) infer phylogenetic relationships molecular clock calibrated using island geological ages colonisation history. 3. Genetic evidence indicated presence 12 species, 11 were endemic islands. Only atlanticus, Madeira, occurs Two lineages (B. pseudorhodani B. canariensis s.l.) appear have arisen in past 15 million years (mya) diversified parallel throughout Islands. Within lineage, sister Gran Canaria North Africa. 4. Pronounced endemism contradicts previous taxonomic work, reported depauperate fauna that included several mainland species. Recent diversification among islands close link Africa suggest complex evolutionary Owing their small population size ongoing alteration, these endemics most endangered aquatic insects Europe.