The roles and functions of Paneth cells in Crohn's disease: A critical review.

摘要: Paneth cells (PCs) are located at the base of small intestinal crypts and secrete α-defensins, human α-defensin 5 (HD-5) 6 (HD-6) in response to bacterial, cholinergic other stimuli. The α-defensins broad-spectrum microbicides that play critical roles controlling gut microbiota maintaining homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated autoimmune disorder. pathogenesis CD involves genetic factors, environmental factors microflora. Surprisingly, with regard many susceptible genes pathogenic pathways CD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1), immunity-related guanosine triphosphatase family M (IRGM), wingless-related integration site (Wnt), leucine-rich repeat kinase (LRRK2), histone deacetylases (HDACs), caspase-8 (Casp8) X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP1), relevant PCs. As underlying mechanisms being unravelled, PCs identified as central element pathogenesis, integrating among microbiota, epithelial barrier dysfunction immune system. In present review, we demonstrate how these regulate via their action on what treatment modalities can be applied deal PC-mediated processes.