A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes

摘要: The extant squamates (>9400 known species of lizards and snakes) are one the most diverse conspicuous radiations terrestrial vertebrates, but no studies have attempted to reconstruct a phylogeny for group with large-scale taxon sampling. Such an estimate is invaluable comparative evolutionary studies, address their classification. Here, we present first phylogenetic Squamata. estimated contains 4161 species, representing all currently recognized families subfamilies. analysis based on up 12896 base pairs sequence data per (average = 2497 bp) from 12 genes, including seven nuclear loci (BDNF, c-mos, NT3, PDC, R35, RAG-1, RAG-2), five mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, cytochrome b, ND2, ND4). tree provides important confirmation recent estimates higher-level squamate molecular (but more limited sampling), that very different previous morphology-based hypotheses. also includes many relationships differ traditional taxonomy. We new reptiles should be valuable resource future studies. revised classification at family subfamily level bring taxonomy in line hypothesis. This new, resurrected, modified subfamilies within gymnophthalmid scincid lizards, boid, colubrid, lamprophiid snakes.