A first chironomid-based summer temperature reconstruction (13–5 ka BP) around 49°N in inland Europe compared with local lake development

摘要: Abstract: Temperature reconstructions for the end of Pleistocene and first half Holocene based on biotic proxies are rare inland Europe around 49°N. We analysed a 7 m long sequence lake deposits in Vihorlat Mts eastern Slovakia (820 m a.s.l.). Chironomid head capsules were used to reconstruct mean July temperature (TJuly), other (diatoms, green algae, pollen, geochemistry) local environmental changes that might have affected climate reconstruction, such as epilimnetic total phosphorus concentrations (TP), level development surrounding vegetation. During Younger Dryas (YD), fluctuated between 7 11 °C, with distinct, decadal centennial scale variations, agree palaeoclimate records δ18O content stalagmites or Greenland ice cores. The results indicate site was somewhat colder than expected from general south-to-north YD gradient within Europe, possibly because north-facing exposition. warmer phases characterised by low water even complete desiccation (12,200–12,400 cal yr BP). At Late-Glacial/Holocene transition TJuly steeply increased 11 15.5 °C (11,700–11,400 cal yr BP) – highest entire sequence. This rapid change reflected all compositional increasing species diversity. open woodlands Pinus, Betula, Larix Picea replaced broad-leaved temperate forests dominated later Ulmus finally Corylus (ca 9700 cal yr same time, input eroded coarse-grained material into decreased organic matter (LOI) biogenic silica increased. Early-Holocene rather stable till 8700 cal yr BP, temporary decrease 11,200 cal yr BP. productive well-developed littoral, indicated both diatoms chironomids. A distinct decline 10 °C 8700 8000 cal yr BP associated decreasing chironomid diversity moistening pollen. Tychoplanktonic phosphorus-demanding which be explained hydrological land-cover changes. Later, gradual warming started after 7000 cal yr BP representation macrophytes, periphytic littoral chironomids Our suggest thermal maximum taking place unusually early at our study site, but its timing topography mesoclimate. further demonstrated had coincided variations hydrology.