Natural pollution caused by the extremely acidic crater lake Kawah Ijen, East Java, Indonesia.
作者： Ansje Löhr , Thom Bogaard , Alex Heikens , Martin Hendriks , Sri Sumarti
关键词: Volcanic Gases 、 Crater lake 、 Ecosystem health 、 River ecosystem 、 Ecosystem 、 Environmental monitoring 、 Geology 、 Hydrology 、 Impact crater 、 Volcano
摘要: Background. Aims and Scope Lakes developing in volcano craters can become highly acidic through the influx of volcanic gases, yielding one chemically most extreme natural environments on earth. The Kawah Ijen crater lake East Java (Indonesia) has a pH 〈 0.3. It is source extremely acid metal-polluted river Banyupahit (45 km). significant impact ecosystem as well densely populated area downstream, where agricultural fields are irrigated with water between 2.5 3.5. chemistry seemed to have changed over past decade negative effect irrigation increased. A multidisciplinary approach was used investigate altered situation get insight hydrological processes influencing these alterations. Moreover, first investigation effects low health human performed.
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