Impulsivity and the reinforcing value of cigarette smoking

摘要: The present study tested the hypothesis that impulsivity would predict perceptions of positive and negative reinforcement from smoking. secondary was relationship between smoking expectations be mediated by character trait self-directedness. College students (n = 202) who reported cigarettes participated in survey study. Hierarchical regression analyses confi rmed predicted about (β .22, p .001) .25, These relationships were also Results suggest impulsive smokers early stages dependence may smoke because they expect to extremely pleasurable as well help dispel bouts with affect. Furthermore, their elevated related diffi culties adapting challenging environments working toward long-term goals.