作者: Eugene V. Koonin , Kira S. Makarova , Yuri I. Wolf
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-MICRO-090816-093830
关键词: Argonaute 、 Computational biology 、 Innate immune system 、 Gene 、 Acquired immune system 、 CRISPR 、 Biology 、 Genetics 、 Bacteriophage 、 Mobile genetic elements 、 Immunity
摘要: Evolution of bacteria and archaea involves an incessant arms race against enormous diversity genetic parasites. Accordingly, a substantial fraction the genes in most are dedicated to antiparasite defense. The functions these defense systems follow several distinct strategies, including innate immunity; adaptive dormancy induction, or programmed cell death. Recent comparative genomic studies taking advantage expanding database microbial genomes metagenomes, combined with direct experiments, resulted discovery previously unknown systems, immunity centered on Argonaute proteins, bacteriophage exclusion, new types CRISPR-Cas immunity. Some general principles function evolution starting crystallize, particular, extensive gain loss during prokaryotes; formation islands; evolutionary connections between mobile elements defense, whereby repeatedly recruited for functions; partially selfish addictive behavior systems; coupling induction/programmed