Privatizing the commons: New approaches need broader evaluative criteria for sustainability

摘要: Privatization is, since Hardin, often promoted as a solution to many natural resource management challenges, particularly in common-pool systems. However, novel forms of privatization are being implemented unexamined ways. In this article we explore how affects from the perspective multi-dimensional social-ecological We critique notion that is desirable due its pure efficiency, and argue efficiency must be relative achieving other normative societal goals, particular, sustainability. While sustainability outcomes cannot fully actualized, processes through which attempts achieve them more tangible criteria. First, draw on (1) distributional (2) procedural justice goals assess effectiveness different privatization. Second, analyze broader implications for system functioning considering (3) path dependency (4) spillover effects. apply these four concepts examine three cases privatization: eco-certification fisheries, seed patents agriculture property rights rangelands. evaluative criteria success oversimplified, highlight can influence systems achievement largely