The physiology of the joints.

摘要: Chapter 1: The Hip Joint (Coxo-femoral Joint) hip: the joint at root of lower limb Movements flexion hip extension abduction adduction axial rotation circumduction Orientation femoral head and acetabulum Relationships articular surfaces Architeccture femur pelvis acetabular labrum ligament capsular ligaments Role in flexion-extension lateral-medial adduction-abduction Functional anatomy Coaptation Muscular bony factors maintaining stability flexor muscles extensor abductor Transverse adductor lateral rotator Inversion muscular actions Successive recruitment 2: Knee axes knee Medial deviations Axial General architecture orientation tibial relation to Profiles condyles Determinants condylotrochlear profile on plateau during capsule ligamentum mucosum, synovial plicae capacity inter-articular menisci Meniscal displacements - meniscal lesions Patellar relative Femoropatellar relationships movements tibia collateral Anteroposterior peri-articular defence system cruciate Relations between Direction Mechanical role Rotational extended Dynamic tests medial for rupture anterior Physiological rectus femoris Automatic equilibrium 3: Ankle complex foot Flexion-extension ankle limiting tibiofibular joints Why does leg have two bones? 4: Foot side-to-side subtalar Congruence incongruence talus: unusual bone transverse tarsal its Overall functioning posterior heterokinetic universal hindfoot ligamentous chains inversion eversion cuneonavicular, intercuneiform tarsometatarsal Extension toes compartments interosseous lumbrical sole fibrous tunnels instep triceps surae other abductor-pronator muscles: fibularis adductor-supinator muscles:the tibialis 5: Plantar Vault Overview plantar vault arch distribution loads static distortions Architectural walking secondary inclination inverted everted Adaptation terrain various types pes cavus planus Imbalances interior Types feet 6: Walking move bipedalism miracle initial step Swing phase gait cycle Loading response footprints Pelvic oscillations tilts Torsion trunk Swinging upper limbs running Appendices is freedom nerves sensory (text) limb: Figures 1 2 Bibliography Models Articular Biomechanics