Whose empowerment and independence? A cross-national perspective on ‘cash for care’ schemes

摘要: This paper uses qualitative data from a cross-national study of ‘cash for care’ schemes in five European countries (Austria, France, Italy, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom) to consider concepts empowerment independence relation both care-users care-givers. locates along two axes, one regulation/non-regulation, other whether relatives can be paid or not. Each has different impact on care relationship labour market care. In where paid, example, fully commodified form informal emerges; but Austria Italy with low regulation, mix formal care-givers/workers emerged many international migrant workers. UK, direct payments allow employ local care-workers who deliver various lengths time; while France credentialised system means that care-work is delivered by qualified workers very short intervals. main conclusion none these have simple outcome advantage, contexts which they occur nature their regulation understood before drawing conclusions about sides relationship.