Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Host Recognition, Attachment, and Degradation in the Mycoparasite Tolypocladium ophioglossoides

摘要: The ability of a fungus to infect novel hosts is dependent on changes in gene content, expression, or regulation. Examining expression under simulated host conditions can explore which genes may contribute jumping. Insect pathogenesis the inferred ancestral character state for species Tolypocladium, however several are parasites truffles, including Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. To identify potentially crucial this interkingdom switch, T. ophioglossoides was grown four media conditions: containing inner and outer portions its natural (truffles Elaphomyces), cuticles from an (beetle), rich medium (Yeast Malt). Through high-throughput RNASeq mRNA these conditions, many differentially expressed were identified experiment. These included PTH11-related G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) hypothesized be involved recognition, also found upregulated insect pathogens. A divergent chitinase with signal peptide highly truffle tissue, suggesting exogenous degradative activity presence host. adhesin gene, Mad1, as well. BiNGO analysis overrepresented GO terms during each growth condition that redox reactions transmembrane transport most media, their importance fungal tissue compared other environments. Genes secondary metabolism products not necessary parasitism Elaphomyces. This study provides clues into understanding genetic mechanisms underlying transition parasitism.