The acute and sub-chronic exposures of goldfish to naphthenic acids induce different host defense responses.

摘要: Naphthenic acids (NAs) are believed to be the major toxic component in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) produced by mining industry Northern Alberta, Canada. We recently reported that oral exposure NAs alters mammalian immune responses, but effect of OSPW or on mechanisms aquatic organisms has not been fully elucidated. analyzed effects acute and sub-chronic exposures goldfish responses measuring expression three pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, antimicrobial functions macrophages, host defense after challenge with a protozoan pathogen (Trypanosoma carassii). One week exposure, fish exhibited increased cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β1, TNF-α2) gills, kidney spleen. Primary macrophages from exposed for one week, production nitric oxide reactive oxygen intermediates. Goldfish 20 mg/L were more resistant infection T. carassii. In contrast, (12 weeks) resulted decreased The reduced ability control carassii infection, exemplified drastic increase mortality blood parasite loads. This is first report analyzing contaminants system vertebrates. believe bioassays depicted this work will valuable tools efficacy remediation techniques assessment diverse environmental pollutants.