The development of gravity sensory systems during periods of altered gravity dependent sensory input.

摘要: Abstract Gravity related behavior and the underlying neuronal networks are most suitable model systems to study basic effects of altered gravitational input on development systems. A feature sensory motor is their susceptibility modifications adequate physical and/or chemical stimuli during development. This discovery led formulation about critical periods, which defines period post-embryonal Critical periods can be determined by long-lasting stimulus for gravity system ( GSS ). Techniques include: (1) destruction sense organ so that cannot detected any longer central network deprived information, (2) loading or deloading parts body weights counterweights, respectively, compensates pull, (3) absence augmentation environment per se exposure organisms microgravity spaceflights hypergravity centrifugation. Most data came from studies compensatory eye head movements in clawed toad Xenopus laevis , cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus crickets Acheta domesticus Gryllus bimaculatus The responses induced a roll pitch stimulation organs, but also affected inputs proprioreceptors eyes. these reveals species-specific time courses. Based experiments using spaceflights, centrifugation, lesion deloading, all species revealed significant Behavioral were depressed ) augmented microgravity, except crickets. In however, sensitivity its position sensitive neuron PSI was reduced microgravity. After termination modified input, behavioral physiological disappeared, some preparations such as response delayed after hypergravity. Irreversible rare; one example malformations tadpoles caused deprivation. Several life hatching first appearance reflexes specific gravity. Although gave clear evidences developing GSSs arguments existence still missing. It has take into consideration long-term exposures, adaptation processes place guided genetically set points. International Space Station (ISS) necessary platform excellence if biological research focussed analysis space organisms.