Pathways of Formation of the Fauna of the Solovetsky Archipelago, the White Sea, Northwest Russia

摘要: The fauna of the Solovetsky Archipelago represents an extremely depleted and reduced variant continental northern boreal one. level its depletion roughly corresponds to latitudinal shift by one or two biomes, that is, number species it is comparable mainland concrete faunas forested hypoarctic tundra. Only very few arctic species, let alone more southern (nemoral) faunal elements, occur on archipelago. compositions basic groups their dominant are determined there three main factors: a wide distribution intrazonal ecosystems (coastal wastelands grasslands, birch sparse forests, peat bogs), limited living space, extreme climatic conditions. Among dominants eurytopic polyzonal and, lesser degree, species. isolation Islands no significant barrier dispersal numerous animal but these islands form highly specific environment strongly prevents invasion new lacking relevant preadaptations local habitat effect “density compensation” lower taxonomic diversity revealed archipelago in many taxa, range abundant being able vary considerably time depending Islands’ origin, having been mainly formed Late Pleistocene Early Holocene (∼9–10 ka before present).