Efficient removal of estrogenic activity during oxidative treatment of waters containing steroid estrogens.

摘要: The discharge of synthetic and natural steroid estrogens from municipal wastewaters to the aquatic environment has received increased attention because their potential reproductive effects on fish. Using 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) as a representative estrogen, several oxidants applied in wastewater treatment (chlorine, bromine, ozone, hydroxyl radical, chlorine dioxide, ferrate) were shown selectively rapidly transform EE2. For typically oxidant doses, these transformations occur time range seconds minutes. resulting initial transformation products EE2 exhibit substantially lower vitro estrogenic activity (<13% EE2). selected structural derivatives EE2, quantitative structure–activity relationship was established between substituents changed phenolic moiety relative activity. In addition, that still residual are quickly further transforme...