Methods to detect selection on noncoding DNA.

摘要: Vast tracts of noncoding DNA contain elements that regulate gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Describing these regulatory and understanding how they evolve represent major challenges for biologists. Advances the ability to survey genome-scale sequence data are providing unprecedented opportunities use evolutionary models computational tools identify functionally important mode selection acting on them multiple species. This chapter reviews some current methods have been developed applied DNA, what shown us, limited. Results several recent studies reveal a significantly larger fraction eukaryotic organisms is likely be functional than previously believed, implying annotation most largely incomplete. In Drosophila, further suggested large divergence observed between species may product recurrent adaptive substitution. Similar humans revealed more complex pattern, with signatures positive being concentrated conserved elements. Understanding patterns extent which generalize other awaits analysis forthcoming polymorphism from