Multipole Mechanisms for Directional Hearing in Fish

摘要: If fish are to behave appropriately with respect objects and events in their environment they must process an acoustic scene that is often complex (Fay Popper 2000). A presumptively important part of such behavior the ability determine properly direction from which a sound emanates. Although question regarding mechanisms for sound-source localization fishes has been interest since Karl von Frisch Sven Dijkgraaf (1935) performed behavioral studies European minnows (Phoxinus laevis), remain poorly understood, relatively few biologically plausible models. mechanism exploits amplitude, time, or phase difference between ears as employed by terrestrial vertebrates not available because very close together, speed water more than three times faster air, impedance match fish’s body precludes usable diffracted paths (van Bergeijk 1964, 1967; see Sand Bleckmann, Chapter 6). Another major difficulty any model address resolution so called “180 ambiguity” arises axis particle motion associated passing points both toward away source (for review Fay 2005; Current models directional hearing resolve 180 ambiguity include “phase model” proposed Schuijf colleagues (e.g., Chapman Hawkins 1973; 1975; Buwalda 1975) compares pressure components direct-path reflected surfaces objects; “orbital” Schellart de Munck (1987; 1987) together cause otolith orbits rotate either clockwise counterclockwise depending on whether left right; computational Rogers et al. (1988) also uses motion; and, algorithmic approach pointed out Kalmijn (1997) could make its way