A long-term chemical characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric rainfall in a northwest megacity of Xi'an, China.
作者： Zhenxing Shen , Zhenxing Shen , Steven Sai Hang Ho , Linqing Wang , Linqing Wang
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-021-13015-4
关键词: Inorganic ions 、 Nitrate 、 Coal combustion products 、 Megacity 、 Environmental science 、 Environmental chemistry 、 Air pollution 、 Ammonium 、 Abundance (ecology) 、 Sulfate
摘要: A long-term measurement on rainfall was conducted in urban Xi'an, China, from 2009 to 2016. The seasonal and annual variations of major inorganic components their chemical properties the were studied. ranged 165.3 916.3 mm. pH value 6.36 7.19, with an average 6.70. electric conductivity (EC) a range 55.91 227.44 μS·cm-1. Ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca2+), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-) four components, accounting for 88.5% total quantified ion concentration. Neutralization factors determined Ca2+ (1.03), NH4+ (0.57), Mg2+ (0.10), Na+ (0.06), K+ (0.04). high abundance that formed its precursor ammonia gas (NH3) suggested contribution agricultural fertilization. mainly natural sources such as soil dust, while anions NO3- SO42- originated fossil fuel combustion. Source apportionment positive matrix factorization (PMF) which identified secondary formation, crustal coal combustion, biomass burning are contributors rainfall. In between, formation largest contributor, accounted 27.8-58.1% sources, followed by dust 0.4-42.6%. results this study demonstrated decreasing trends contributions combustion under series air pollution control measures implemented government. However, continuous urbanization development city caused substantial increases construction activities, inducing more dusts environment Xi'an.
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