Re-Defining Canis etruscus (Canidae, Mammalia): A New Look into the Evolutionary History of Early Pleistocene Dogs Resulting from the Outstanding Fossil Record from Pantalla (Italy)

摘要: An outstanding sample of Canis etruscus has been found within the faunal assemblage from early Pleistocene site Pantalla (Italy), which is referred to late Villafranchian. appeared in Europe about 2 Ma ago. It regarded as an important taxon for biochronology, its first occurrence (the “wolf event”) used define one Villafranchian turnovers. The discovery four crania prompted a revision C. etruscus, order better describe cranial morphology. Since studies, distinction between and coeval arnensis based mainly on mandibular traits. For this reason, our study aimed at highlighting differences craniodental characters two species. conventionally considered jackal-like dog, while wolf-like dog. Consequently, we decided use jackals comparison, addition lupus. Although jackal group traditionally quite homogenous (different species are partially sympatric similar both size ecology), recent genetic studies demonstrate that not monophyletic. Considering model offered by extant species, goal delineate degree intra- interspecific variability among basal forms genus Canis.