Energetics of leaping in dolphins and other aquatic animals

摘要: The energetics of leaping (porpoising) in aquatic animals is investigated employing two simple hydromechanical models. first compares the energy required for swimming at different depths below surface with that leaping, second employed to calculate maximum cruising speeds fish and cetaceans cases laminar turbulent boundary layer flow. Leaping energetically less efficient than close up a certain speed (crossover speed) after which it more efficient. It shown dolphins ought be capable reaching crossover even if subject layer. This not so larger have been observed porpoise (e.g. killer whales, Orcinus orca). However, are well within their scope case half turbulent. Crossover pelagic do undulate substantial proportion body baleen whales penguins) relatively high. about four times speeds. suggested these swim filtration apparatus (baleen) operates most efficiently. Pelagic reasons this.