Composition, phenology and restoration of campo rupestre mountain grasslands - Brazil.

摘要: Global environmental changes, especially land-use have profound effects on both ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, having already altered many services. These losses emphasize the need to preserve what remains; however when conservation programs are not sufficient, restoring areas that been destroyed or disturbed can improve efforts mitigate damages. This work focuses campos rupestres, Neotropical grasslands found at altitudes, which part of Cerrado (Brazilian savannas). They host a great biodiversity with high level endemism and, like other mountain ecosystems, provide valuable services, such as water purification recreational still being impacted by human activities, civil engineering construction, quarrying mining. The first objective this thesis was describe reference in order aim for clear restoration target monitor progress success. We show rupestres composed least two distinct plant communities (i.e. sandy stony grasslands), each specific composition structure, hosting biodiversity. Several phenological patterns occur among herbaceous communities: majority species flowers fruits appear during rainy season but be observed. During our 2-year survey, some dominant belonging Poaceae, others, were observed reproducing, implies limited chances disperse degraded areas. Campo rupestre vegetation is resilient following strong disturbance: several years after disturbance, almost no native encountered areas, soils completely seed bank recomposes only non-target ruderal species. According filter model, local community subset regional pool determined set dispersal, abiotic biotic filters. Acting different filters influence core interventions. then applied three in-situ protocols (hay transfer, translocation turf translocation) restore kinds grassland. Hay transfer does allow campo because soil alteration mainly poor quality. Indeed, germination studies that, while Xyridaceae Velloziaceae germinability, Cyperaceae Asteraceae embryoless, unviable dormant seeds, makes seeding less efficient. There evidence fire-related cues enhance rupestres. Species successful one species, Paspalum erianthum; root damages probably impede survival. Finally, most method, since numerous re-introduced However due low resilience pristine where turfs taken from, considered case habitat rescue, circumstances complete destruction otherwise unavoidable. Face difficulty these peculiar grasslands, protection must made priority