Secondary forest development during urbanization sustains apex carnivore populations of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra)

摘要: Abstract Better understanding of the ecological and socioeconomic determinants land-use change is a key to achieve more sustainable development conservation objectives. Long-term studies on ability regenerated secondary forests sustain biodiversity compared with primary have been little explored. South Korea has experienced rapid urbanization forest regeneration. In this study, we asked two questions: (1) Does alleviate negative impacts an apex predator; (2) Can elucidate land use planning balance between using scenario analysis? We studied Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) population in Korea. applied generalized linear mixed models five national surveys from 1994 2019 18 environmental variables. Based most parsimonious model, developed 10 scenarios three patterns (dispersed, clustered, no further urbanization) or without degeneration. The model showed that occurrences steadily increased greater density, but were negatively correlated percentage urban areas. suggested diffused had less impact distribution than clustered Developed considerably alleviated urbanization. sample sub-basins, even urbanization, otters will take six years occur current trends. Hence, should include strategic spatial for preservation.