Comparison of the gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of humans and commonly used laboratory animals

摘要: In addition to metabolic differences, the anatomical, physiological, and biochemical differences in gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract of human common laboratory animals can cause significant variation drug absorption from oral route. Among physiological factors, pH, bile, pancreatic juice, mucus fluid volume content modify dissolution rates, solubility, transit times, membrane transport molecules. The microbial G.I. significantly affect reductive metabolism enterohepatic circulation drugs colonic delivery formulations. time dosage forms be different between species due dimensions propulsive activities tract. lipid/protein composition enterocyte along alter binding passive, active, carrier-mediated drugs. location number Peyer's patches also important large molecules particulate matter. While small animals, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, are most suitable for determining mechanism bioavailability values powder or solution formulations, larger dogs, monkeys, used assess understanding tracts animal lead selection correct model mimic compounds human. This article reviews humans commonly animals.