The transformations and balance of nitrogen in Japanese paddy fields

摘要: Research on the transformations and balance of nitrogen in Japanese paddy field is reviewed. During past decade substantial progress has been made estimating more accurate balance. However, available data do not provide reliable assessments losses or gains, especially biological fixation, denitrification leaching. Accordingly, obtainable now permit only a partial accounting flooded soils. Accurate estimates inputs outputs are required. The problems these gains discussed, need for studies emphasized.