The Macaronesian bird-flower element and its relation to bird and bee opportunists
DOI: 10.1111/J.1095-8339.1985.TB01010.X
关键词: Pollination 、 Biology 、 Botany 、 Nectar 、 Isoplexis 、 Digitalis obscura 、 Canarina 、 Lotus berthelotii 、 Lotus 、 Canarina canariensis
摘要: OLESEN, J. M., 1985. The Macaronesian bird-flower element and its relation to bird bee opportunists. Canarina canadensis, three Isoplexis species Lotus berthelotii, among other species, have been supposed be pollinated. None of their flowers reflect UV light the volume nectar produced is relatively high with low sugar concentration, indicating pollination. This study gives first report birds visiting thus pollinating these species. Sylvia melanocephala, S. conspiciltata Phylloscopus collybita visited I. canariensis C. flowers. sceptrum Digitalis obscura are regarded as transitional anthecologically between canariensisj isabelliana European
oup.com
sci-hub.se 参考文章(28)
David Bramwell, The Endemic Flora of the Canary Islands; Distribution, Relationships and Phytogeography Springer Netherlands. pp. 207- 240 ,(1976) , 10.1007/978-94-010-1566-0_6
David Bramwell and Zoe I. Bramwell, Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands ,(1974)
Pedro Jordano, Migrant birds are the main seed dispersers of blackberries in southern Spain Oikos. ,vol. 38, pp. 183- 193 ,(1982) , 10.2307/3544018
Juan José Bacallado, Notas Sobre la Distribucion y Evolucion de la Avifauna Canaria Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 413- 431 ,(1976) , 10.1007/978-94-010-1566-0_14
Luis Ceballos y Fernández de Córdoba, Francisco Ortuño Medina, Estudio sobre la vegetación y flora forestal de las Canarias occidentales ,(1976)
Robert H. MacArthur, Edward Osborne Wilson, The Theory of Island Biogeography ,(1967)
Peter Yeo, Michael C. F. Proctor, The pollination of flowers ,(1972)
James J. Parsons, Human Influences on the Pine and Laurel Forests of the Canary Islands Geographical Review. ,vol. 71, pp. 253- 271 ,(1981) , 10.2307/214699
Stellan Erlandsson, Bombus canariensis Pérez, 1895 n.stat and B. maderensis n.sp. from the Macaronesian Islands Insect Systematics & Evolution. ,vol. 10, pp. 187- 192 ,(1979) , 10.1163/187631279794814959
Herbert G. Baker, Sugar concentrations in nectar from hummingbird flowers Biotropica. ,vol. 7, pp. 37- ,(1975) , 10.2307/2989798