Site-specific asymmetries in male copulatory success in a fallow deer lek

摘要: Abstract In a fallow deer, Cervus dama, lek in central Italy, most copulations occurred few male territories on one side of the lek. Individual were fixed space between years, and maintained their relative rank terms numbers successive years. High-ranked peripheral, near paths used by females to enter area. Successful defended more often than where or no seen, but defence did not involve greater frequency fighting. The turnover males was unrelated number seen there. Females apper choose mates partly basis location, thus should compete for ownership preferred females.