Improved biosecurity surveillance of non-native forest insects: a review of current methods

摘要: Biosecurity surveillance has been highlighted as a key activity to discover non-native species at the initial stage of invasion. It provides an opportunity for rapidly initiating eradication measures and implementing responses prevent spread permanent establishment, reducing costs damage. In importing countries, three types biosecurity activities can be carried out: border targets arrival points-of-entry commodities; post-border containment target establishment stage, but is out on large spatial scale, whereas around infested areas. recent years, several approaches, such baited traps, sentinel trees, biosurveillance with sniffer dogs or predatory wasps, electronic noses, acoustic detection, laser vibrometry, citizen science, genetic identification tools, remote sensing, have developed complement routine visual inspections aid in capacity. Here, we review existing literature these highlight their strengths weaknesses, identify categories sites where each tool used more efficiently. Finally, show how tools integrated comprehensive program discuss steps improve biosecurity.