Need to Knowledge (NtK) Model: an evidence-based framework for generating technological innovations with socio-economic impacts

摘要: Background: Traditional government policies suggest that upstream investment in scientific research is necessary and sufficient to generate technological innovations. The expected downstream beneficial socio-economic impacts are presumed occur through non-government market mechanisms. However, there little quantitative evidence for such a direct formulaic relationship between public at the input end marketplace benefits impact end. Instead, literature demonstrates innovation process involves complex interaction multiple sectors, methods, stakeholders. Discussion: authors theorize accomplishing full of deliberate systematic manner requires an operational-level model encompassing three underlying each designed knowledge outputs different states: generates conceptual discoveries; engineering development prototype inventions; industrial production commercial Given critical roles business, entire should continuously consider practical requirements constraints marketplace. Need Knowledge (NtK) Model encompasses activities required successfully innovations, along with associated strategies effectively communicating all states various stakeholders involved. It intentionally grounded drawn from academic analysis facilitate objective scrutiny, industry best practices enable application. Summary: offers practical, market-oriented approach avoids gaps, inefficiencies inherent undirected disconnected sectors. NtK means realizing increased returns on investments those science technology programs expressly intended impacts.