Phthalates and children's health.

摘要: Phthalates are a class of man-made chemicals produced in large volumes and used wide variety industrial common household products such as children’s toys, lubricants, baby care products, chemical stabilizers cosmetics, personal medical including intravenous (IV) tubing, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing. 1 structurally noncovalently bound can therefore easily leach out be ingested, inhaled, dermally absorbed, or directly enter the bloodstream (IV exposures) young children. 2 Because widespread use phthalates our society, phthalate compounds commonly found dust indoor air low to high concentrations depending on surrounding environment. Children likely have multiple sources routes exposure, current research indicates that almost all urine samples contain measurable metabolites. Public concern over has emerged recent years due potential human toxicity. Many animal studies examining prenatal early developmental exposures some report adverse health outcomes with specific toxicity developing male reproductive tract an increased incidence hypospadias, cryptorchidism, testicular An increase hypospadias cryptorchidism been reported newborn males United States other industrialized countries, 3,4 but few examine related utero childhood exposures. Other effects include toxicity, asthma/allergies, liver acute irritant effects. In 2005, The American Academy Pediatrics released technical pediatric exposure endocrine disrupting recommended conducting more determine exposures, toxicokinetics, outcomes. This review will synthesize available literature provide recommendations how counsel patients regarding