Evaluating the effects of integrating trees into temperate arable systems on pest control and pollination

摘要: Agroforestry systems, which incorporate trees into agricultural land, could contribute to sustainable intensification as they have been shown increase land productivity, biodiversity and some regulating ecosystem services. However, the effect of temperate agroforestry systems on pest control pollination services has not comprehensively reviewed, despite importance these for intensification. We review analyse available evidence silvoarable following we propose a predictive framework future research explain observed variation in results, based ecological theory from analogous systems. Of 12 studies included our meta-analysis natural enemies pests, increases enemy abundance (+24%) decreases arthropod herbivore/pest (−25%) were both significant, but molluscan pests more abundant two studies. Only three reported effects pollinators, all found higher compared with arable Measures or service are scarce, suggest stronger sizes. Our seeks establish hypotheses through an interpretation findings context wider literature, including landscape characteristics, system design management, maturity, trophic interactions experimental design. The this study that can by enhancing beneficial invertebrates suppressing arable, should include measures implications productivity economic value.