Blood substitutes: why haven’t we been more successful?

摘要: Persistent safety concerns have stalled the development of viable hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). HBOCs several advantages over human blood, including availability, long-term storage, and lack infectious risk. The basis HBOC toxicity is poorly understood, however, mechanisms been suggested, Hb extravasation across blood vessel wall, scavenging endothelial nitric oxide (NO), oversupply oxygen, heme-mediated oxidative side reactions. Although there are some in vitro limited animal studies supporting these mechanisms, reactivity appears to provide an alternative path that can explain observed pathophysiological changes. Moreover, recent mechanistic support a role for globin heme scavengers controlling associated with infusion.