Origin and contrasting succession pathways of the Western Carpathian calcareous fens revealed by plant and mollusc macrofossils

摘要: Using plant macrofossil and mollusc analyses of 50 basal samples three representative profiles we illustrate the most common developmental types calcareous fens: (i) fens originating in the Lateglacial, having an open or semi-open character during whole Holocene; (ii) fens originating as wooded wetlands; (iii) starting their development de novo late Holocene. Human activities were responsible for formation a high number calcareous fens, especially Outer Western Carpathians, became important drivers fen biodiversity development. Only few recently existing contain old sequences of calcareous deposits.