Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: pathogenesis and mechanisms

摘要: This chapter provides an overview of animal model-based studies that have generated information critical to our understanding the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced birth defects, in particular those involving brain. Focus is placed on developing organism itself, rather than mother, placenta, or other extraembryonic tissues. Components cascades damage are considered herein excessive cell death, changes cycle proliferation, migration, morphogenesis, gene expression as well free radical interference with signaling. The roles played by one more these various factors genesis structural functional defects dependent upon alcohol exposure patterns dosage, involved tissue, prenatal stage(s) at time exposure. Technologic advances rapidly increasing knowledge fields genetics, cell, developmental, neurobiology accurately piecing together experimental evidence refining planning execution future studies, applying gained diminish severity occurrence fetal spectrum disorder.