Elevated blood-lead levels among children living in the rural Philippines

摘要: OBJECTIVE Generally, lead poisoning is not considered a significant environmental hazard for children in rural areas of developing countries. With prospectively designed policy experiment, the research community and government are conducting broad-based investigation to introduce evaluate impact health reforms on area Philippines - Quality Improvement Demonstration Study (QIDS). As part this study, we researched exposure under age five. METHODS: We sampled population from Visayas region central Philippines, covering approximately one third country's geographical area. From December 2003 September 2004, survey collected blood levels (BLL) together with demographic, socioeconomic child data points. Supplemental field-testing among sub-sample most exposed assessed sources exposure. FINDINGS: Among 21% (601 2861 children) had BLL greater than10 µg/dl. were associated independently age, haemoglobin concentration, water source, roofing material, expenditures history breastfeeding. A follow-up assessment possible exposures elevated revealed no single or predominant source. Instead, there appear be multiple potential sources, such as fossil-fuel combustion, paint (in around 38% homes) household items. CONCLUSION: Elevated common Visayas, may signify an under-recognized threat living other nations. This setting has varied lead. Observed correlates clinical, public utility identify mitigate consequences toxicity.