Policy responses to reduce single-use plastic marine pollution in the Caribbean.

摘要: Caribbean economies depend heavily on a healthy marine ecosystem, but the region includes ten of top global polluters per capita. Regional pollution is driven by illegal plastic waste dumping due to poor management systems with limited recycling, and weak enforcement. Governments recognize impacts debris their social economic well-being have responded policies curb pollution. Most focus bans single-use polystyrene, which comprises ~80% litter. However, there little comparative analysis policy responses determine efficacy. This paper reviews current in 13 English-speaking countries, exploring tools used process implementation. Eleven introduced legislative policies, seven including fines penalties for non-compliance. All successful involve multiple tools, primary stakeholder engagement, sufficient lead time between announcement implementation, extensive public education campaigns.