Spatial, seasonal trends and transboundary transport of PM2.5 inorganic ions in the Veneto region (Northeastern Italy)
作者： Mauro Masiol , Francesca Benetello , Roy M. Harrison , Gianni Formenton , Francesco De Gaspari
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2015.06.044
关键词: Nitrate 、 Environmental science 、 Aerosol 、 Meteorology 、 Ammonium 、 Atmospheric sciences 、 Air quality index 、 Inorganic ions 、 Current (stream) 、 Pollutant 、 Pollution
摘要: The Veneto region lies in the eastern part of Po Valley (Italy). This is one hotspots Europe for air quality, where efforts to meet European standard PM2.5 according current and future legislation have been generally unsuccessful. Recent data indicating that ammonium, nitrate sulphate account about third total mass show secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) plays a key role exceedence standards. A sampling campaign was carried out simultaneously six major cities (2012–2013). water soluble ions were quantified processed to: (1) investigate seasonal trends spatial variations ionic component aerosol; (2) identify chemical characteristics at regional-scale (3) assess potential effects long-range transport using back-trajectory cluster analysis concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models. Results indicated SIA an increasing gradient concentrations from North (mountain) South (lowland) East (coastal) West (more continental), whereas K+ Ca2+ levels are quite uniformly distributed. Similar seen across region. Simultaneous daily changes observed interpreted as consequence similar emission sources, pollutant generation accumulation/removal processes. Sulphate not directly related their precursor gases largely, but completely, neutralised by ammonium. clustering back-trajectories CWT demonstrate movement masses has impact upon ion concentrations: area spreading Eastern Central identified main source most ions. valley sites also heavily influenced local emissions slow moving northerly masses. Finally, two episodes high investigated explain why some experiencing much higher than others. study identifies features Valley, demonstrating regional pollution phenomenon mitigation policies required regional, national even scales.
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