Understanding the roles of vision in the control of human locomotion

摘要: Abstract This review focuses on advances in our understanding of the roles played by vision control human locomotion. Vision is unique its ability to provide information about near and far environment almost instantaneously: this used regulate locomotion a local level (step step basis) global (route planning). Basic anatomy neurophysiology sensory apparatus, neural substrate involved processing visual input, descending pathways effecting mechanisms for controlling gaze are discussed. Characteristics perception subserving include following: (a) intermittent sampling adequate safe travel over various terrains: (b) body posture movement from system given higher priority other two modalities; (c) exteroceptive primarily feedforward sampled mode rather than on-line mode; (d) knowledge acquired through past experience influences interpretation information; (e) exproprioceptive limb position fine tune swing trajectory; (f) self-motion optic flow controlled mode. locomotor adaptive strategies are: most can be implemented successfully one cycle provided attention biased towards cues: only steering has planned previous step; stability requirements constrain selection specific avoidance strategies; response not localized joint or limb: it global, complex task specific; characteristics dependent upon available time; effector dynamics exploited simplify effectively trajectory. Effects deficits briefly