Fuzzy algorithms for combined quantization and dithering

作者: D. Ozdemir , L. Akarun

DOI: 10.1109/83.923288

关键词: Color quantizationColor imageMembership functionMathematicsQuantization (signal processing)DitherNoise shapingFloyd–Steinberg ditheringVector quantizationAlgorithm

摘要: Color quantization reduces the number of colors in a color image, while subsequent dithering operation attempts to create illusion more with this reduced palette. In quantization, palette is designed minimize mean squared error (MSE). However, that follows enhances appearance at expense increasing MSE. We introduce three joint and algorithms overcome contradiction. The basic idea same two approaches: introducing quantizer training phase. fuzzy C-means (FCM) learning vector (FLVQ) are used develop combined mechanisms. third algorithm, we an objective function including inter-cluster separation (ICS) term obtain which suitable for dithering. goal enlarge convex hull after diffusion. contrasts images also enhanced proposed algorithm. test results these new using quality metrics model perception human visual system illustrate substantial improvements achieved

参考文章(19)
Teuvo Kohonen, Self-Organizing Maps ,(1995)
J. Allebach, Qian Lin, FM screen design using DBS algorithm international conference on image processing. ,vol. 1, pp. 549- 552 ,(1996) , 10.1109/ICIP.1996.559555
J. Sullivan, R. Miller, G. Pios, Image halftoning using a visual model in error diffusion Journal of the Optical Society of America A. ,vol. 10, pp. 1714- 1724 ,(1993) , 10.1364/JOSAA.10.001714
Michael P. Windham, Cluster validity for fuzzy clustering algorithms Fuzzy Sets and Systems. ,vol. 5, pp. 177- 185 ,(1981) , 10.1016/0165-0114(81)90015-4
Bernd W Kolpatzik, Charles A Bouman, Optimized error diffusion for image display Journal of Electronic Imaging. ,vol. 1, pp. 277- 292 ,(1992) , 10.1117/12.60027
Eric Chen-Kuo Tsao, James C. Bezdek, Nikhil R. Pal, Fuzzy Kohonen clustering networks Pattern Recognition. ,vol. 27, pp. 757- 764 ,(1994) , 10.1016/0031-3203(94)90052-3
A.M. Bensaid, L.O. Hall, J.C. Bezdek, L.P. Clarke, M.L. Silbiger, J.A. Arrington, R.F. Murtagh, Validity-guided (re)clustering with applications to image segmentation IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. ,vol. 4, pp. 112- 123 ,(1996) , 10.1109/91.493905
Enrique H. Ruspini, A new approach to clustering Information & Computation. ,vol. 15, pp. 22- 32 ,(1969) , 10.1016/S0019-9958(69)90591-9
L. Akarun, D. Ozdemir, O. Yalcin, Modified quantisation algorithm for dithering of colour images Electronics Letters. ,vol. 32, pp. 1185- 1186 ,(1996) , 10.1049/EL:19960790