Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Urologic Malignancies

摘要: Abstract Context Research has increased significantly on small vesicles secreted by healthy and diseased cells. Recent discoveries have revealed their functional biomarker roles in urologic diseases. Whether how this knowledge of extracellular (EVs) affects translational research clinical practices become pertinent questions. Objective To provide an overview the currently available literature rising field EVs, focusing function pathogenesis cancers usefulness EVs as biomarkers. Evidence acquisition A systematic search was conducted using PubMed to identify original articles, review editorials regarding different types tumor Articles published between 2005 2015 were reviewed selected with consensus all authors. synthesis Besides soluble factors, are involved complex cross talk cell types. regulate normal physiologic processes like spermatogenesis renal function, well disease-specific including bladder, kidney, prostate cancer. The content is derived from cytoplasm donor cell. proteins RNAs within these can be isolated body fluids (eg, urine blood) represent potential diagnostic prognostic also candidate therapeutic targets potentially useful vehicles. Conclusions current data suggest that important regulators cell–cell communication. growing about malignancies provides basis for novel strategies. In addition, nucleic acid protein holds promise discovery urine- or serum-based biomarkers Patient summary Normal cancer cells secrete contain origin. Changes detected examining altered when fluids, example, blood urine. recently discovered new options detect malignancy blood. uptake may blocked therapeutically thereby impede progression.