A framework of indicators for associating material stocks and flows to service provisioning: Application for Japan 1990–2015

摘要: Abstract National accounts for material stocks and flows are reported regularly by an increasing number of countries to promote a sustainable use our natural resources. In this research we build upon the work Herman Daly Donella Meadows propose framework that links conceptual hierarchy ends means which societal benefit capital. We introduce set six indicators link together quantitatively relate consumption benefits: productivity, primary rate, stock retention time, service utilization. apply analytical Japan period 1990 2015. find Japan’s flow productivity doubled from 1.6 US$/kg 3.2 US$/kg. This improvement can be primarily attributed improvements in rates circular use, but has been offset decreasing 0.2 0.14 discuss future potential indicator include additional specific sectors argue need proper measurements services human wellbeing enhance policy implications framework.