Prenatal programming—effects on blood pressure and renal function

摘要: Disturbed intrauterine organogenesis has long-term consequences on organ function in adulthood, so-called prenatal programming. In this Review, Ritz and colleagues outline the concept of programming and, particular, describe its role kidney disease hypertension. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as a predictor renal cardiovascular potential low birthweight (clinical) surrogate marker IUGR, are also discussed. Impaired nephrogenesis—most clearly illustrated by nephron number—is frequently associated with been recognized powerful risk factor for disease; it increases risks glomerular filtration rate, more rapid progression primary disease, increased incidence chronic or end-stage disease. Another important consequence impaired nephrogenesis is hypertension, which further amplifies onset Hypertension numbers white individuals, but association not universal seen individuals African origin. The derangement development an example general principle that illustrates paradigm plasticity during development—that is, transcription genetic code modified epigenetic factors (as increasingly documented). This Review outlines describes