Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

摘要: By conventional definition, the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes appendix, entire colon and anus. Diseases involving these organs are traditionally classified into nonneoplastic neoplastic categories. Clinical application of immunohistochemistry (IHC) is most useful in diagnosis lesions, with a few exceptions such as to identify viral pathogens infectious colitis facilitate Hirschsprung’s disease. For neoplasm, IHC particularly several aspects: (1) help confirm glandular dysplasia associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differentiate it from sporadic adenoma challenging cases; (2) grade neuroendocrine tumors; (3) poorly differentiated or undifferentiated colonic adenocarcinoma variant, medullary carcinoma; (4) commonly encountered benign malignant primary mesenchymal and, (5) importantly, carcinomas various morphological mimickers other organ systems, gynecological genitourinary systems.