Responding to Climate Change in Small and Intermediate Cities: Comparative Policy Perspectives from India and South Africa

摘要: Remarkably little is known about how small and intermediate urban centres tackle their various sustainability challenges, particularly climate broader environmental change. Accordingly, we address this in the very different contexts of India South Africa. We conceptualise towns, policy challenges priorities for mitigating adapting to effects climate/environmental change that can enable transformative adaptations changing conditions. Central issues are divisions powers, responsibilities fiscal capacity independence local authorities within respective countries’ multi-level governance frameworks. In India, functions have been constitutionally devolved city governments them govern themselves, while more strategic ones lie at state level. Africa, power responsibility vary by size category. compare relevant government each country they enable/disable responses The relationship between sustainable development strategies, plans, budgets, actions assessed illustrated with particular reference Thiruvananthapuram, Shimla Bhubaneswar Drakenstein, George Stellenbosch