INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON MORTALITY FROM VARIOUS DISEASES IN SCOTLAND AND IN ENGLAND AND WALES. AN ANALYSIS BY COHORTS.

摘要: During an investigation into the relative frequency of bronchitis mortality in England and Wales Scotland over years 1940 to 1960 (to be published) it was found, when standardized death rates were compared, that there average excess 28.5% males 23.6% females. In attempting discover explanation for this difference, one factors examined influence smoking. As no figures consumption tobacco or cigarettes two countries are available, indirect approach problem adopted. Cigarette smoking United Kingdom virtually began, among males, at beginning century (Fig. 1), increased steadily, with further sharp increases time world wars. Among women habit, always less extensive than began later rose more slowly, but also showed a marked increase second war. Consequently if disease, such