The Fate of Cooperation during Range Expansions

摘要: Species expand their geographical ranges following an environmental change, long range dispersal, or a new adaptation. Range expansions not only bring ecological but also affect the evolution of expanding species. Although dynamics deleterious, neutral, and beneficial mutations have been extensively studied in populations, fate alleles under frequency-dependent selection remains largely unexplored. The cooperative are particularly interesting because can be both frequency density dependent, resulting coupling between population evolutionary dynamics. This leads to increase cooperators at expansion front, and, certain conditions, entire front taken over by cooperators. Thus, mixed wave split into followed invasion defectors. After splitting, abundance territories faster than they invaded Our results provide explanation for maintenance cooperation elucidate effect eco-evolutionary feedback on genetic diversity during expansions. When do away, we find that defectors spread much with would able own invading enhanced rate waves could counterbalance loss due founder selection. focus cooperator-defector interactions, our analysis relevant other systems described reaction-diffusion equations.